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Cahier of the Clergy of Dourdan
When the King summons his subjects about him to consult them concerning
the needs of the State, the ministers of religion are among the most eager
to give him proof of their respectful gratitude. Their dual
role
as citizens and ecclesiastics entitles them to bring to the foot of the
throne the most comprehensive wishes for the welfare of the monarchy and
the maintenance of a religion that assures its tranquillity. Accordingly,
His Majesty shall be humbly supplicated:
Chapter I (Religion)
1. To preserve in its integrity the precious depository
of the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman religion, the most stable support
of the fundamental laws of the State, to effect the enforcement of ordinances
concerning the respect which is due churches, sanctification of feast days
and Sundays, and, in general, whatever affects public worship.
2. To give consideration to the representations made by
the last assembly of the clergy concerning the edict on non-Catholics,
and not permit any religion other than the Catholic to hold worship or
give public instruction.
3. To permit the Church of France to hold provincial or
national councils with a view to re-establishing and maintaining ecclesiastical
discipline in all its vigor, so that convocation of the said councils may
be effected, without great delay, upon the request and according to the
needs of every metropolitan see.
4. To maintain the execution of all laws and ordinances
recognized in the kingdom as constituting the public, ecclesiastical, and
canonical law thereof, and which the kings, his august predecessors, have
stamped with the seal of their authority.
5. Imbued with profound grief at the sight of the appalling
deterioration of religion and the depravation of morals in the kingdom,
we direct to His Majesty the most ardent and humble representations concerning
the disastrous and widely acknowledged cause of this deplorable subversion
of all principles. It obviously derives from the disgraceful excess of
writings in which the spirit of libertinage, incredulity, and independence
prevails, in which faith, modesty, reason, the throne, and the altar are
attacked with equal audacity—impious and corrupting books circulated on
all sides with the most revolting profusion and license, to which the strongest
resistance could not be too promptly opposed.
6. Since diversity of religious opinions in the schools
for French youth is the greatest danger in the world, His Majesty shall
be humbly supplicated also to order all necessary precautions lest there
be admitted into any of the universities and academic societies of the
kingdom any teacher or member who has not previously given proofs of the
greatest ability and of his respectful devotion to the Catholic religion.
7. Since national education is degenerating daily, the
King will be willing to take into consideration a matter so pertinent to
morals and to the glory of the kingdom, and in his wisdom to provide resources
for the talents of indigence by the endowment of the provincial collèges,
almost all of which are insufficiently endowed, because a good education
is the only means of assuring the State of good citizens, and religion
of virtuous ministers.
8. Since the education of the rural population is valuable
to the State, it is highly desirable that in every parish schoolteachers
be established, whose stipends, added to the payments of those pupils who
can afford to pay, would provide an income sufficient for them and their
families; which teachers would be under the guidance and inspection of
the curé, who would ascertain their religion and talents
in advance, and would have the right to dismiss them if they did not fulfill
expectations, reserving their right of appeal to the lord bishop.
9. We dare to solicit from the goodness and piety of the
king a special protection for religious orders of either sex throughout
the kingdom, under the happy auspices of his favor and authority; we hope
that such holy institutions, useful to religion, to the good of the State,
to needy families, and above all to the support of the poor in the rural
districts, will flourish and vivify increasingly.
10. In provincial cities, and especially in this bailliage,
there are numerous communities devoted to the education of indigent young
girls for religion and for work; we supplicate His Majesty to regard such
useful establishments with benevolence, and to facilitate access thereto
in the bureaux established for the relief of religious houses.
Chapter II (Constitution)
1. Since monarchical government is the steadfast constitution
of the nation, the most conducive to its internal tranquillity and external
security, the most suitable for the extent of its provinces, and the most
consistent with the character of its people, who always have distinguished
themselves by their love for and devotion to their sovereigns, we will
never countenance anything that would tend to alter this form of government.
We are inviolably attached to it by the most sacred duties of obedience,
by ties of oath and fidelity, by love and respect for our masters, and
by the happiness of being subject thereto.
2. We desire that in matters brought under deliberation
in the Estates General relative to all orders, voting be by head; but in
those concerning more especially one of the three orders, we request that
voting be by order.
3. The King shall be most humbly supplicated to take into
consideration the inequality of bailliages, which necessarily gives
rise to inequality of representation. His Majesty shall be supplicated
to search, in his wisdom, for remedies, such as a new division of the kingdom.
Such division could be made without distinction of provinces, pays d'états,
or généralités. It would be in combined proportion
to extent and population, in order to procure every possible equality in
representation.
4. Since the bishops are separate in the ecclesiastical
hierarchy from the pastors of the second order, the clergy of the bailliage
of Dourdan beseeches His majesty to grant the episcopal body a representation
distinct from that of other ecclesiastics. The bishop could be convoked
by ecclesiastical provinces, and could elect one representative to the
national Assembly from every province.
5. Since it is the duty of the assembly of the Estates
General increasingly to affirm the authority of the monarch, and to establish
it on the happiness and love of his people, His Majesty shall be most humbly
requested to grant the nation the periodic return of such an important
benefit.
Chapter III (Ecclesiastical Administration)
1. The King shall be most humbly supplicated to have granted
to the curés a representation more proportionate to their
number in the diocesan chamber, the superior ecclesiastical chambers, and
the general assemblies of the clergy. They must have at least one-half
of the representatives therein, since they themselves are by far the most
numerous part of the clergy under the jurisdiction of those tribunals.
2. We humbly supplicate His Majesty to order that the office
of clergy and letters of vicar-general be not always given to young people,
recently graduated, to the exclusion of former pastors whom study and experience
have rendered worthy of such positions.
3. His Majesty shall be most urgently requested to suppress
the odious right known in some dioceses by the name of spolium,
also to suppress the right of déport established in several;
reserving the right to grant archdeacons a less onerous indemnification
if such revenue be deemed necessary of their position.
4. We earnestly supplicate His majesty to grant the clergy
the preservation of its old forms of taxation and payment. They are advantageous
to the useful and industrious portion of the clergy who do not and should
not pay as much proportionately as ordinary incumbents.
5. That the diocesan ecclesiastical chamber responsible
for tax assessment and collection be composed of the lord bishop, a canon,
a regular, one
curé of the episcopal city, and four from
the country; that the members of said chamber, except the lord bishop,
change alternately every year; that an account be published annually of
the taxation of every benefice of the dioceses, as well as of the receipts
and expenditures of that administration.
6. That the King and the nation be most urgently supplicated
to ameliorate the lot of the useful ministers of religion, whose work and
assistance are so valuable in the cities and rural districts; that the
fixed revenue of city livings be from 2,000 to 2,400 livres, that
of rural livings, 1,800 livres and 1,500 livres according
to the necessity of local circumstances; that the stipends of vicars be
established at between 800 and 1,000 livres.
7. That, in order always to be proportionate to the high
price of commodities, such ameliorations be made in good wheat, at the
rate of one muid, paris measure, for 220 livres. That such
increases take place only after a just estimate of the property which the
livings now possess, and that those enjoying greater revenues be preserved
and respected in their integrity.
8. That, in order to facilitate said operation, the merger
of some benefices be urged at the diocesan chamber; that reduction of the
formalities at present necessary to effect such mergers be requested, and
that the diocesan chamber responsible for administering said property print
a detailed and public account thereof annually.
9. That the benefices, merger of which is requested at
the diocesan chamber, possess a revenue sufficient to furnish the increase
of the livings and a fund set aside for the relief of ecclesiastics who
are forced by age or infirmity to retire from the ministry; and that the
pension given to these latter be at least 1,000 livres.
10. That all property in mainmorte, alienated contrary
to the provisions of edicts, ordinances, and decrees of the sovereign courts,
be restored, without expense, to the parties concerned.
11. That henceforth no ecclesiastic be permitted to obtain a
benefice yielding more than 600 livres unless he is pledged to holy
orders; and that the rules of discipline forbidding plurality of benefices
and requiring residence be revived.
Chapter IV (Civil Administration)
1. Disposed to second the wishes of the nation, we are inclined
zealously to share with all citizens the burden of taxation which we agree
to pay as they do, reserving our estates, titles, and honorary rights.
2. The nation shall be supplicated most humbly to assume
the present debt of the clergy and, since it was contracted for the service
of the State, to consolidate it as a national debt.
3. The King having restored to the nation its former right
to vote its own subsidies, a right which the clergy alone had preserved,
the general assembly at its very first meeting, shall decree the continuation
of existing taxes until the end of its session, and shall rule definitively
on that important matter before its adjournment.
4. His Majesty will be willing to make, in all branches
of expenditure, whatever retrenchments his sense of economy and the needs
of his people dictate. One part of the taxation should be designated for
necessary expenditures, the remainder applied to the payment of interest
and liquidation of the national debt.
5. Since every public loan implies a tax, because it must
have security, and since the tax must be voted by the nation, every loan
would be irregular if not authorized by the national assembly.
6. We request that the provincial assemblies or estates,
if they are established, be charged with assessing, equalizing, and collecting
the taxes; that such taxes be used, as far as possible, to discharge the
obligations of the State in the province where they are collected; that,
without distinction, all agents employed in the collection, receipt, custody,
and payment thereof be entirely subordinate to the several assemblies.
7. That all brevets of pension be revised, in order to
moderate those that are exorbitant and to suppress those not founded on
real services rendered to the State.
8. That the Estates General publish an exact and detailed
account of the debts which the nation is to assume; that they establish
the tax quota to be set aside for the liquidation of same; and that they
determine the happy time when the nation, finally liberated, will see its
taxes decrease.
9. We further supplicate His Majesty that he be willing
to adjust the royal courts in order to avoid frequent appeals, and likewise
the different courts through which it is necessary to pass to be judged
in the last resort; also, that he reduce the formalities which cause so
much delay in justice.
10. That venality of offices of magistracy be suppressed, and
that all those which are only burdensome to the people and by no means
useful, such as those of huissierd-priseurs, renewed or recreated
in most of the provinces, be suppressed; and that permission be given,
as formerly, to choose any huissier one wishes.
11. That the municipal assemblies be responsible for the internal
police of the parishes; that all disputes be judged first by them and without
cost, reserving appeal, if one be necessary, to the superior courts.
12. That no seigneur may enclose a communication road without
the consent of the parish to which said road is of some use; and that,
in general, the establishment of any such road be not permitted unless
its usefulness be well demonstrated beforehand.
13. That nobility no longer be acquired by purchase, but that
it be the reward for real and important services rendered the Patrie.
14. That, in order to encourage population, the King be willing
to grant compensation to families with more than ten children.
15. That since the merger of several farms into one is a contrary
to the profit of agriculture as to the interests of the rural inhabitants,
a matter so pertinent to the public welfare be taken into consideration
by the Estates General.
16. That wheat storehouses sufficient for three years’ supply
be established in every province, and that one-third of the supply be sold
and renewed annually.
17. That the erection of rémises in the midst of
arable lands be forbidden, and also that the removal of all those which
are harmfully located be ordered; and that woods and rémises
be
fifty toises
distant from the road, according to law.
18. That the abuses which have gradually developed in the practice
of gamekeepers and forest wardens, who ought not be permitted to carry
firearms or to have offenders convicted on their testimony alone, be reformed.
19. That every cultivator be permitted to defend his property
against the intrusion of game, pigeons, etc.; that in estimating the damages
and the compensation to be obtained, the testimony of the municipality
be accepted, and that the decree of regulation rendered thereon be regarded
as void.
20. That selection of the militia by lot be suppressed, as even
more burdensome to the people than the tax of the taille.
21. That all beggars be most expressly forbidden to leave their
parishes; that the provincial assemblies consult with the municipalities
to provide for their sustenance, either by work or by alms.
22. That since salt is one of the commodities of prime necessity
for the most needy class, and of the greatest benefit to cattle, the Estates
General be requested to fix the price thereof at the best possible rate.
23. That the King be most humbly supplicated to have breaches
of confidence reformed, such as the intermittent violation of the privacy
of letters, the arbitrary tax on letters in the post, etc.
24. That the King be supplicated to reform also the abuses and
tyranny of lettres de cachet.
25. That the ordinances on duels and suicides be renewed and
put into effect; also, that all persons not qualified to sell medicines
be forbidden to participate in the sale thereof.
26. That deputies be not liable for what they have said or written
concerning public affairs, wither during or after the assembly; that the
assembly itself punish those whom it believes guilty, to the extent of
excluding them form its midst if such action be deemed advisable.
27. That if any member of the two orders of the clergy or nobility
be elected to represent the third estate, he may not vote in the assembly
of the Estates General until he has formally renounced the privileges of
his order.
28. That if privileges place the orders at variance and threaten
the assembly with disunion, every order should sacrifice its own in a spirit
of concord and through zeal for the public welfare.
29. That laws directed against fraudulent bankrupts be put into
effect, and that every protection be forbidden them. |